|
|
LINKS |
|
|
|
Knowledge
Management - Gestão do Conhecimento
- Knowledge
Management : Paper & Articles
-
- Designing
Organizational Memory:
Preserving Intellectual
Assets in a Knowledge
Economy E. Jeffrey
Conklin, PhD, (Corporate
Memory Systems, Inc.,
1996)
- Abstract: Knowledge
management is an
essential capability in
the emerging knowledge
economy. In
particular,organizations
have a valuable asset in
the informal knowledge
that is the daily
currency of their
knowledge workers, but
this asset usually lives
only in the collective
human memory, and thus is
poorly preserved and
managed. There are
significant technical and
cultural barriers to
capturing informal
knowledge and making it
explicit. Groupware tools
such as E-mail and Lotus
Notes tend to make
informal knowledge
explicit, but they
generally fail to create
a coherent organizational
memory. On the other
hand, attempts to build
organizational memory
systems have generally
failed because they
required some additional
documentation effort with
no clear short term
benefit, or, like
groupware, they did not
provide an effective
index or structure to the
mass of information
collected in the system.
This paper explores the
design of an
organizational memory
system that overcomes the
barriers to capturing
informal knowledge. The
key component of this
design is the use of a
display system which
captures the key issues
and ideas during meetings
and creates shared
understanding in a
knowledge team. The paper
briefly describes a
display system, QuestMap,
which uses hypertext to
capture the thinking and
learning in large,
complex projects. The
paper ends with a few
examples of this kind of
organizational memory
system in action.
- Distributed
Knowledge Modeling
through the World Wide
Web By Mildred L. G.
Shaw and Brian R. Gaines;
Knowledge Science
Institute, University of
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
T2N 1N4, {mildred,
gaines}@cpsc.ucalgary.ca
- Abstract: Knowledge
modeling involves the
management of many
knowledge sources often
geographically
distributed. The World
Wide Web is a distributed
hypermedia system
available internationally
through the Internet. It
provides general-purpose
client-server technology
which supports
interaction through
documents with embedded
graphic user interfaces.
This article reports on
the development of
knowledge modeling tools
operating through the web
to support knowledge
acquisition,
representation and
inference through
semantic networks and
repertory grids. It
illustrates how web
technology provides a new
knowledge medium in which
artificial intelligence
methodologies and systems
can be integrated with
hypermedia systems to
support the knowledge
processes of professional
communities world wide.
- A
Dynamic Theory of
Organizational Knowledge
Creation By: Ikujiro
Nonaka Organizational
Science/Vol.5, No.1,
February 1994 Summarized
by: René Roth
- The introduction to
this paper states:
"While much has been
written about the
importance of
organizational learning,
very little has been
written about the
creation of knowledge
within an organization.
This paper goes beyond
the notions of
"organizational
learning" and
concentrates on the more
wide-ranging concept of
"organizational
knowledge creation".
The theory explains how
knowledge held by
individuals,
organizations and/or
societies can both be
"enlarged and
enriched through spiral,
interactive amplification
of tacit and explicit
knowledge held by
individuals,
organizations and
societies". It is
these interactions
between tacit and
explicit knowledge that
creates knowledge. While
the paper stresses the
importance of individuals
in knowledge creation,
Nonaka argues that
organizations play a
crucial role in promoting
this knowledge. This
knowledge can further be
enhanced by interactions
with suppliers, customers
outside the organization.
Nonaka goes into
considerable detail
discussing the theories
of knowledge and
knowledge creation as
pertaining to individuals
then takes them one step
further to the
organizational level to
develop his theory. The
paper proposes a new
model of management
called
"middle-up-down
management" to
implement more effective
knowledge creation. To
effectively carry out his
new management model,
Nonaka introduces the
concept of the
"hypertext"
organization (basically a
combination of the
hierarchial and flat,
organic organizational
models)"
- Kelly's
"Geometry of
Psychological Space"
and its Significance for
Cognitive Modeling,
Mildred L G Shaw and
Brian R Gaines, The New
Psychologist, 23-31,
October, 1992.
- Personal construct
psychology is a theory of
individual and group
psychological and social
processes that takes a
constructivist position
in modeling human
knowledge but bases this
on a positivist
scientific position that
characterizes conceptual
structures in axiomatic
terms. It provides a
fundamental framework for
both theoretical and
applied studies of
knowledge acquisition and
representation. This
paper presents Kelly's
original intuitions
underlying personal
construct psychology and
links these to its
foundational role in
cognitive and
computational knowledge
representation.
- Eliciting
Knowledge and
Transferring it
Effectively to a
Knowledge-Based System,
Brian R Gaines and
Mildred L G Shaw, IEEE
Transactions on Knowledge
and Data Engineering 5(1)
4-14, 1993.
- Knowledge acquisition
research supports the
generation of
knowledge-based systems
through the development
of principles,
techniques, methodologies
and tools. What
differentiates
knowledge-based system
development from
conventional system
development is the
emphasis on in-depth
understanding and
formalization of the
relations between the
conceptual structures
underlying expert
performance and the
computational structures
capable of emulating that
performance. Personal
construct psychology is a
theory of individual and
group psychological and
social processes that has
been used extensively in
knowledge acquisition
research to model the
cognitive processes of
human experts. The
psychology takes a
constructivist position
appropriate to the
modeling of human
knowledge processes but
develops this through the
characterization of human
conceptual structures in
axiomatic terms that
translate directly to
computational form. In
particular, there is a
close correspondence
between the intensional
logics of knowledge,
belief and action
developed in personal
construct psychology, and
the intensional logics
for formal knowledge
representation developed
in artificial
intelligence research as
term subsumption, or
KL-ONE-like, systems.
This paper gives an
overview of personal
construct psychology and
its expression as an
intensional logic
describing the cognitive
processes of anticipatory
agents, and uses this to
survey knowledge
acquisition tools
deriving from personal
construct psychology.
- Guide
for Creating Concept Maps
(Host's note: there may
be problems connecting to
this paper)
- A Short article on
Developing Conceptual
Maps. Concept Maps are a
particularly good way to
organize information
about a problem or
subject. Construction of
concept maps helps us
pull together information
we already know about a
subject and understand
new information as we
learn.
- Here
Comes SAP , Ronald B.
Lieber, Madeline Jaynes
(Fortune, October 2,
1995)
- This hot new
software, which keeps
vital information flowing
throughout your company,
may be the missing link
to reengineering. Here's
how companies are using
it to manage change
- Information
Vs. Knowledge: Small
contribution to an old
debate, Alain J.
Godbout, GCM Sherpa Inc.
Créé: 15 May, 1996
- Alain starts this
paper by saying: "In
the debate of Knowledge
and Information, I cannot
fail to notice the
growing entrenchment and
polarization of ideas. On
one side, we can see
those who are proposing a
definition which
assimilates knowledge to
the process of knowing
(the Polyanyists) and on
the other side those who
subscribe to the
assimilation of knowledge
as superior level of
information in a value
chain (the
Davenportists). Both
schools of thought seem
to be able to support
their contentions, and it
is difficult to arbitrate
without resorting to some
common grounds."
- Intellectual
Property in the Global
Village, Harry
Hillman Chartrand, 1995
- ABSTRACT: In a
post-Cold War world,
competitiveness in the
global knowledge-based
economy requires better
understanding of how
knowledge is treated as
property in the different
neighbourhoods of the
global village. The
author outlines
intellectual property
rights traditions in the
First, Second, Third and
Fourth Worlds.
- IT
Hype and Confusion ,
Alain J. Godbout
- The information
technology hype can
sometimes be misleading.
It is often the case
whenever knowledge comes
into the information
ressources discussion.
Readers can be confused
by the high degree of
inconsistency in the use
of the word information,
and this confusions seems
to have increased since
the introduction of
consumer level
information technology.
- The paper focus on
the three dimensions of
information and the
technology constraint,
and concludes with a
section on the holy
grail: knowledge
technology.
- From
InfoWar to Knowledge
Warfare: Preparing for
the Paradigm Shift Philippe
Baumard, Ph.D. Professor
of Strategic Management,
University of Paris-XII.
- Successful firms,
such as Intel, maintain
an innovative
environment, seek
continuous performance
improvement, favor
customer orientation
(e.g. through
partnerships with
customers and suppliers),
enhance results
orientation, and place
speed of creation,
defense and development
of value-chains at the
core of their strategic
focus. To maintain its
leadership, Intel
developed "war
rooms", and
encouraged informal
relationships that
crisscrossed
organizational
boundaries. Nevertheless,
when Intel had to face
InfoWar practices, it had
to acknowledge that the
company failed to prevent
and to anticipate
large-scale
Info-destabilization. New
businesses live on the
brink of disasters. Yet,
"organizations have
many stabilizers but
quite often lack proper
destabilizers" (1).
We will argue in this
paper that InfoWar
(informational
arena-based warfare) has
been thought within the
boundaries of old
schemata that will no
longer be accurate in the
XXIst century. These
schemata includes
misconceptions of
management,
organizations, economics,
welfare and of purpose of
development. We will
investigate, in the
footsteps of Hedberg,
Jonsson, Starbuck,
Steele, Wilensky, and
many others, design
principles that worked,
and no longer worked.
Founding our comments on
observations of
real-world experiences,
we end with
recommendations as to
prepare nations,
organizations and people
for the forthcoming
paradigm shift: from
InfoWar to Knowledge
Warfare (K-Warfare).
- Information
Filters and Enhanced
Reality Alexander
"Sasha"
Chislenko (Home and
Neighborhood of Alexander
(Sasha) Chislenko, 1995)
- In this essay Sasha
discusses long-term
future of augmented
perception.
- Knowledge
Acquisition Tools based
on Personal Construct
Psychology, Brian R
Gaines and Mildred L G
Shaw, Knowledge
Engineering Review 8(1)
49-85, 1993.
- Knowledge acquisition
research supports the
generation of
knowledge-based systems
through the development
of principles,
techniques, methodologies
and tools. What
differentiates
knowledge-based system
development from
conventional system
development is the
emphasis on in-depth
understanding and
formalization of the
relations between the
conceptual structures
underlying expert
performance and the
computational structures
capable of emulating that
performance. Personal
construct psychology is a
theory of individual and
group psychological and
social processes that has
been used extensively in
knowledge acquisition
research to model the
cognitive processes of
human experts. The
psychology takes a
constructivist position
appropriate to the
modeling of human
knowledge processes but
develops this through the
characterization of human
conceptual structures in
axiomatic terms that
translate directly to
computational form. In
particular, there is a
close correspondence
between the intensional
logics of knowledge,
belief and action
developed in personal
construct psychology, and
the intensional logics
for formal knowledge
representation developed
in artificial
intelligence research as
term subsumption, or
KL-ONE-like, systems.
This paper gives an
overview of personal
construct psychology and
its expression as an
intensional logic
describing the cognitive
processes of anticipatory
agents, and uses this to
survey knowledge
acquisition tools
deriving from personal
construct psychology.
- Knowledge
Awareness: Bridging
between Shared Knowledge
and Collaboration in
Sharlok Hiroaki
Ogata, Kenji Matsuura,
and Yoneo Yano, Dept. of
Information Science and
Intelligent Systems,
Faculty of Engineering,
Tokushima University,
Japan
- Abstract: Sharlok
(SHARing, Linking and
lOoking-up Knowledge) has
knowledge building and
collaborative learning
environment through
sharing and looking up
and linking learners'
knowledge. This paper
proposes a knowledge
awareness(KA) for
enhancing collaboration
opportunities in this
situation. KA plays a
role of inducing
collaboration by giving
the learner the
information about other
learners' activities
within a shared knowledge
space. For instance, with
messages as "someone
is looking at the same
knowledge that you are
looking at.",
"someone changed the
knowledge which you have
inputted." the
learner is induced to
collaborate with others
who are interested in the
same knowledge. The
spontaneous collaboration
which is created by KA,
facilitates to refine and
evolve both learners'
knowledge and shared
knowledge.
- Knowledge
Management vs Knowledge
Engineering. Brian D.
Newman (The Knowledge
Management Forum, 1996)
- A short position
paper on the
differentiation between
these two fields.
- The
Knowledge Organisation,
Karl-Erik Sveiby
- The Knowledge
Organisation belongs to a
subgroup within the
service sector. The
service sector is not a
discrete phenomenon but
rather a spectrum of
company types ranging
from those organisations
totally adapted to their
customers - the knowledge
organisations - to
organisations that have
refined and packaged
their output. The latter
have more in common with
manufacturing companies.
- Knowledge
Management: Refining
Roles in Scientific
Communication,
Richard E. Lucier,
Library & Center for
Knowledge Management,
University of California
San Francisco
- In the abstract to
this paper Richard
writes, "Libraries
historically have been
identified with the
functions of storage and
retrieval. In recent
years, they have expanded
their role to include
information transfer and
the creation of the
networked, digital
library for information
access and dissemination.
More recently, the
William H. Welch Medical
Library (WML) of the
Johns Hopkins University
(JHU) has been exploring
strategies to integrate
the library more fully
into the scholarly and
scientific communication
process. The result is a
new role we call
knowledge
management".
- This paper addresses
the "I want to
tell" side of
knowledge management and
the use of knowledge
management in other than
a commercial setting. The
actual paper is displayed
in GIF format and may not
be accessable to text
only www browsers.
- Managing
Knowledge in
Organisations by
Jinette de Gooijer
- Notes from the
workshops "Improving
knowledge work
processes" and
"Managing knowledge
and learning" held
11 and 12 January 1995,
Dallas, TX. The
introductions states
"The two topics of
these workshops are
research topics in Ernst
and Young's multi-client
research program
Mastering Information and
Technology. Both are
topics which are
relatively young in terms
of research knowledge,
hence the discussions on
both days often revolved
around defining meaning
in the terms knowledge,
knowledge work, knowledge
work processes and what
differentiated knowledge
from learning. There was
universal agreement that
knowledge and learning
are inextricably linked.
- On
The Management of
Knowledge ,Karl M.
Wiig , The Wiig Group
- In the this paper
Karl states;
"Knowledge - the
insights, understandings,
and practical know-how
that we all possess -- is
the fundamental resource
that allows us to
function intelligently.
Over time, considerable
knowledge is also
transformed to other
manifestations -- such as
books, technology ,
practices and traditions
-- within organizations
of all kinds and in
society in general. These
transformations result in
cumulated expertise and,
when used appropriately ,
increased effectiveness.
Knowledge is one, if not
the, principal factor
that makes personal,
organizational, and
societal intelligent
behavior possible ".
- Knowledge
Mapping Dr. Ted
Kesik, Ryerson
Polytechnic University
- Dr. Kesik prefaces this
paper by saying:
"Involvement in the
Web has finally required
that some of the ideas I
have been pursuing with
Professor Robert Wright
from the University of
Toronto be put forward
for public review and
comment. The concept of
knowledge mapping was
something that grew out
of my doctoral research
into knowledge based
systems and expertise,
and it has since been
expanded and continually
re-defined. It has eluded
publication for these
very reasons. This paper
is not intended as a
comprehensive treatment
of the subject, but
rather as a means of
acquainting my colleagues
with what may be a larger
context for our joint
efforts."
- Position
Paper on Knowledge
Management By Ann
Macintosh, Artificial
Intelligence Applications
Institute, University of
Edinburgh (2 March 1995)
- The author prefaces this
paper by saying, "At
the recent ISMICK'94
conference in Compiegne,
I presented a paper that
described the major
computer-based projects
being undertaken
throughout the world to
support the more
effective use of
corporate knowledge. It
described how projects
were: representing
knowledge in a computer;
providing query and
manipulation of knowledge
by different categories
of users; allowing the
sharing and re-use of
knowledge between
different applications;
updating and maintaining
the knowledge while still
guaranteeing
quality."
- Networking
in the Mind Age ,
Alexander
"Sasha"
Chislenko (Home and
Neighborhood of Alexander
(Sasha) Chislenko, 1995)
- In this essay Sasha
presents some ideas on
the architecture of
post-human,
post-personality and
post-identity
intelligence,and how it
will evolve. Partly based
on soon-to-be published
book on Mind Age by Hans
Moravec.
- SGML:
It's Not Just for
Documents Anymore, by
Kurt W. Conrad (KM
Metazine, Copyright
1995, The Sagebrush
Group)
In the introduction to this
paper the author states that,
"Many people mistakenly
believe that SGML (the Standard
Generalized Markup Language, ISO
8879) is useful only for document
production. SGML can also be used
for non-document applications,
for example, to manage
administrative and financial
information data sets to support
project planning, process
improvement, and re-engineering
efforts. SGML can help balance
mechanical (efficiency-oriented)
and organic
(flexibility-oriented) approaches
to information management,
thereby contributing to the
adaptability and well-being of an
organization. This article looks
at SGML implementation efforts at
the Department of Energy's
Hanford, Washington site and
discusses the value of the
standard for managing information
in a changing organizational
environment."
This article is a revision of
work previously prepared by the
author while employed by Boeing
Computer Services, Richland. It
was published November 1994 in
The Proceedings of SGML `94 and
was presented at SGML `94,
Vienna, Virginia, November 6-11,
1994. It was prepared for the
U.S. Department of Energy Office
of Environmental Restoration and
Waste Management and Westinghouse
Hanford Company, the Hanford
Operations and Engineering
Contractor for the U.S.
Department of Energy under
Contract DE-AC06-87RL10930. It
was assigned document number
WHC-SA-2717-FP and approved for
public release.
- Trying
To Grasp The Intangible
, Thomeas A. Stewart
(Fortune, October 2,
1995).
- The assets that really
count are the ones
accountants can't
count--yet. Here's one
way to put a dollar value
on corporate knowledge.
- The
Value Of Computers,
Information and Knowledge,
Paul A. Strassmann,
January 30, 1996
- Despite much talk about
the "information
age" or the
"knowledge-based
enterprise" there
are no generally accepted
principles to guide
executives in reconciling
the euphoric promises of
the computer advocates
and their staff's ability
to prove that information
technology investments
are profitable. This
article will present a
number of perspectives
from which to judge the
value of
information-related
expenses.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|